September 29, 2025
Decoding Derivatives

Weekly Recap : Crypto Rates W40

Decoding Derivatives

Market Overview

The digital asset market displayed a notable divergence this week, as heightened trading volumes failed to translate into sustained price momentum. A palpable risk-off tone settled into derivatives markets, indicating that while market participation remains robust, conviction has waned, leaving the market susceptible to shifts in sentiment.

Fig: 0: Time-series of BTC & ETH spot prices over the last 14 days, with corresponding hourly price standard deviation as a measure of volatility.

Rates & Basis Analysis: Bitcoin and Ethereum

The cost of leverage in perpetual swaps markets saw a material decline, particularly for Ethereum. Bitcoin's annualized funding rates cooled, averaging approximately 5.0% compared to roughly 6.0% in the prior week, pointing to a reduction in speculative froth. Ethereum funding rates experienced a more dramatic compression, falling to an average of just 0.9% from around 5.5% previously, with several instances of negative funding suggesting a build-up of short-side hedging or speculative positioning.

Fig 1: Weekly distributions of annualized CEX Funding Rates and CME Basis for BTC and ETH, comparing 'This Week' vs. 'Last Week'

The CME futures basis exhibited extreme volatility and dislocation, signaling significant institutional repositioning. The Bitcoin basis became erratic, swinging from positive to deeply negative territory, averaging around -4.5%. The Ethereum basis saw an even more severe dislocation, collapsing to an average of approximately -104%, with periods of extreme backwardation that imply heavy selling pressure in term futures.

Fig 2: 14-day time series of the annualized BTC-USDT basis spread on Bybit.

Fig 3: 14-day time series of the annualized ETH-USDT basis spread on Bybit.

This contrasts with offshore venues, where the Bybit term structure for Bitcoin closed the week with a slight discount of -1.8%. Ethereum's basis, however, was a notable outlier, closing at a steep 36.4% premium, indicating a significant divergence in positioning for forward-dated ETH exposure between different market segments.

Funding Arbitrage & Market Dislocations

Structural dislocations between exchanges continue to provide compelling arbitrage opportunities for yield-focused participants. The most pronounced inefficiency was observed in the ME market, where a strategy involving a long position on Bitget against a short on Hyperliquid would have yielded a cumulative spread of approximately 3.78% over the seven-day period. Another notable opportunity was in the KAITO market, with a long Binance versus a short Hyperliquid position capturing a 2.29% cumulative spread, highlighting persistent pricing discrepancies in altcoin markets.

Fig 4: Top 10 funding rate arbitrage opportunities, ranked by 7-day cumulative raw spread between exchange pairs.

Altcoin Funding Dynamics

Sentiment within the altcoin sector was highly varied. Funding for ENA on Binance underwent a notable reversal, shifting from a negative footing in the previous week to firmly positive territory, suggesting short covering or a renewal of bullish speculation. Conversely, sentiment for SOL on Bybit deteriorated, with its funding rate flipping from positive to negative, indicating an increase in bearish sentiment or hedging activity.

Fig 5: Comparative 7-day funding rate trajectories for selected altcoins with highest delta in funding on different venues, showing divergent trends in market sentiment

Conclusion

The current rates environment paints a picture of a consolidating and fragmented market. While the broad cooling of funding rates points to a healthier, less leveraged speculative landscape, the severe dislocations in the CME basis reveal underlying stress and institutional repositioning. This fragmentation, coupled with a lack of clear directional conviction, suggests the market is in a delicate balance, awaiting a catalyst to drive the next major move.